Words are a powerful tool. The way we use them can shape perceptions, frame narratives, and even influence how people see themselves. And not always in a good way. When people read words, they internalise them. Whether you meant it or not, the meaning of those words will stay with them — for longer than you might think.
As communicators, we all have a responsibility to use language responsibly. It isn’t always easy. That’s why, in this post, I’ll be taking a deeper look at the role of person-centred language when talking about health and disabilities, and how you can use it to create more inclusive and respectful content.
What is person-centred language?
Originating from the health and social care sectors, person-centred language (also known as 'person-first' language) is a way of writing that seeks to put the individual first. Part of a broader move towards inclusive language, it is the difference between calling someone ‘an addict’ and recognising them as a ‘person with a substance abuse disorder’.
The effect is subtle, but profound. Rather than defining someone by their condition, person-centred language acknowledges their challenges as just one part of their experience. Not their entire identity.
A real-life example to learn from
As a global health professional, the evolution of person-centred language has long been on my radar. But it wasn’t until my husband was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes that the importance of taking a person-centred approach really hit home.
As we started to navigate the reality of his condition, and talking more openly about what it meant, I found myself asking some very important, foundational questions like:
Do I have a diabetic husband, or does my husband live with diabetes?
The difference between these two phrases may seem subtle, but it’s significant. Referring to him as "a diabetic" defines him by his condition. But my husband is so much more than his illness and telling people that he “lives with diabetes” acknowledges that the disease is part of his life, but doesn’t overshadow who he is as a person.
Is he sick, or living with a chronic illness?
My husband is absolutely resolute in the fact that he is not sick. Why? Because the word “sick” conjures up images of weakness and frailty, of which he is neither. The term “chronic illness” on the other hand, more accurately reflects the ongoing nature of his condition without implying that he is unwell in a traditional sense.
Is my husband doomed to forever be considered a ‘patient’?
This one is trickier. The word “patient” is one that’s in hot debate, and I can see why. When he’s in hospital, yes, my husband is a patient. But in everyday life? No, he’s not. The word “patient” implies a passive role—someone who is receiving care. Outside of a medical setting, it’s not a term that accurately reflects his day-to-day life.
Person-centred language and disability
Of course, person-centred language isn’t restricted to the world of health. Another interesting example is how we can use it to talk about disabilities.
If we follow the person-first rule, then the correct term is “people with disabilities” and indeed, this is the convention adopted by the United Nations. But it doesn’t work for everyone. People with disabilities are not a homogenous group. They may self-identify in different ways, and it’s important to respect and recognise these choices.
In the UK, for example, the preferred term is “Disabled people” (with a capital D). This might feel like a contradiction to everything I’ve just written, but for many people, disability is not something to be separated from their identity—it is an integral part of who they are.
Using the term "disabled person" not only acknowledges that disability shapes their experiences and reflects a sense of pride in their identity. It also challenges the notion that disability is something to be ashamed of, and avoids placing judgement on its cause by recognising the role of externally disabling factors (e.g. societal barriers or discriminatory attitudes).
To quote Disability Rights UK:
…Using the word ‘Disabled’ before ‘people’ signifies identification with a collective cultural identity and capitalising the ‘D’ emphasises the term’s political significance… It brings together a diverse group of people and helps to identify the causes of our discrimination and oppression, communicate shared experience and knowledge, and create social change.
How to use person-centred language
It can feel like a minefield at times. Even with the best of intentions, it’s easy to make mistakes. But that doesn’t mean we shouldn’t try. After all, we are all learning. Whether you’re well-versed in person-centred language, or just starting out on your journey, what’s important is that you take the time to:
Listen to the people involved: Whenever possible, use the terms preferred by the community you’re writing about.
Reflect on potential implications: Consider the broader implications of the words you’re using. Are they reinforcing stereotypes, or are they helping to break them down?
Stay informed: Language is constantly evolving. Make an effort to stay up-to-date with changes in preferred terminology.
Be open to feedback: If someone corrects your language, listen. It’s an opportunity to learn and grow as a communicator.
Of course, if you don’t know which term to use: ask. It won’t make you look stupid. It isn’t patronising. It is – as all language should be – a sign of respect.
And that’s what it comes down to.
By consciously choosing words that respect and empower, we can challenge existing norms, and contribute to a more inclusive and understanding world—one where every person’s humanity is recognised and valued.
Wider reading
If this article’s piqued your interest, here are some links to useful resources to help build your knowledge further.
UK Gov: Inclusive communication
NHS Inform: Inclusive language
NHS England: Language matters: Language and diabetes
Mind: Media Guidelines: Talking about mental health
This is just the tip of the iceberg. There’s an abundance of resources available through non-profit organisations and government bodies. A quick Google is sure to help you find more.
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